Welcome to the Ukrainian Law Chamber in the Kingdom of the Netherlands
We are an independent public initiative that unites Ukrainian lawyers, advocates, and legal experts in the Netherlands.
Our mission is to provide professional interaction with the Government and non-governmental and international organizations, support, consultations and representation of the interests of the Ukrainian diaspora in legal matters.
We provide comprehensive legal assistance to the Ukrainian diaspora in the Netherlands
Our actions
Upcoming Events
Ukrainian Legal ChamberTue, Dec 02We will announce the location soon.What awaits refugees when they are left in the Netherlands and how Ukraine is preparing to return its citizens
Date and time will be announced soon.Science Center 'Netherlands'Conducting a scientific discussion on refugee rights.
Date and time will be announced soon.Cultural Center 'Ukrainian House'Information about legal rights and protection in the Netherlands.
Membership OfferDate and time will be announced soon.Conference hall "Amsterdam"Conference on integration and refugee rights. Discussion of new initiatives.
Our explanations
(the text of the general consultations is updated taking into account changes in legislation)
Under temporary protection
This consultation is of an informational nature and does not substitute for individual legal assistance. We recommend contacting us or the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) of the Netherlands for a specific situation.
1. What is temporary protection, and why is it applied to Ukrainians? Temporary protection is a special mechanism of the European Union, designed for the rapid provision of protection to a large number of persons fleeing from mass conflict or violence, without the necessity of individual consideration of asylum applications. It was activated in response to the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine in February 2022.
The main normative basis: - Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof, adopted by the Council of the European Union. This directive establishes general rules for temporary protection in the European Union, including rights to residence, work, education, medical assistance, and similar matters.
Activation for Ukrainians: - Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection, adopted by the Council of the European Union. This decision activated the protection initially for one year (until 4 March 2023), with automatic extension for another year (until 4 March 2024).
Extension of protection: - Council Decision (EU) 2023/2409 of 25 October 2023 extending the temporary protection introduced by Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382, adopted by the Council of the European Union, extends the protection until 4 March 2025. - Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1836 of June 2024 (exact date of adoption—2024), adopted by the Council of the European Union, extends the protection until 4 March 2026. - Council Decision of the European Union of 13 June 2025 (with formal adoption in September 2025) on the extension of temporary protection, adopted by the Council of the European Union, extends the protection until 4 March 2027. This latest extension takes into account the ongoing war in Ukraine and ensures a transitional period for integration or return.
In the Netherlands, this mechanism is implemented through national procedures, regulated by the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) in accordance with the Aliens Act 2000 (Vreemdelingenwet 2000), but without a separate national act—directly on the basis of European Union norms.
2. Who has the right to temporary protection in the Netherlands? To obtain protection, you must meet the criteria of the European Union Directive, adapted in the Netherlands: - Citizens of Ukraine who left Ukraine after 23 February 2022 (or were in the Netherlands/European Union before this date, but could not return due to the war). - Persons without Ukrainian citizenship who had a permanent residence permit or refugee status in Ukraine as of 23 February 2022. - Family members (spouses, minor children, other dependent relatives) of persons from the above-mentioned categories. - Children born in the Netherlands after the arrival of parents are automatically covered if the parents have protection (it is necessary to notify the Immigration and Naturalisation Service using form M35-J).
If you left Ukraine before 27 November 2021, protection may be applied if you were legally present in the Netherlands. If documents raise doubts, the Immigration and Naturalisation Service verifies them.
3. Rights of persons under temporary protection Persons with temporary protection have the following rights in the Netherlands: - Residence: The right to stay in the Netherlands until 4 March 2027. You receive proof of residence (sticker in the passport or O-document for persons aged 14 years and older). - Work: Immediate right to work without a permit (TWV). The employer notifies the Employee Insurance Agency. Self-employment is possible with a TWV. Volunteering—with a declaration from the Employee Insurance Agency. - Education: Children have access to education; adults—to courses, if registered in the municipality. - Medical assistance and social support: Access to medical assistance, housing, and social assistance through municipalities. - Travel: With a biometric passport—90 days in the Schengen Area. For travels to/from Ukraine—with proof of residence. Stay outside the Netherlands for persons registered in municipal locations exceeding 28 days may cancel the protection. - Other: Impossibility to submit a separate application for asylum during the period of protection.
These rights stem from Directive 2001/55/EC and are implemented by the Immigration and Naturalisation Service.
4. Obligations of persons under temporary protection - Register in the municipality (gemeente) in the Personal Records Database (Basisregistratie Personen) with a passport and address. - Make a visit to the Immigration and Naturalisation Service for signing form M35H (application for asylum, which is "frozen" during protection) and obtaining proof of residence (within 4 weeks after registration). - Notify the Immigration and Naturalisation Service of changes (birth of a child, return to Ukraine, and similar matters). - Have proof of residence (for persons aged 14 years and older). - If arriving by airplane—check by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee at the border.
Non-compliance may lead to cancellation of protection.
5. Procedure for obtaining protection - Step 1: Registration in the municipality with documents. - Step 2: Appointment at the Immigration and Naturalisation Service for signing M35H and obtaining a sticker/O-document (free of charge). - If arriving by airplane—check at Schiphol. - Applications are not submitted at Ter Apel (this is for ordinary asylum).
If the protection ends, transition to other statuses (work, study) or return to Ukraine is possible. The European Union plans a transitional period after 2027.
6. Current status as of November 2025 The protection has been extended until 4 March 2027. Approximately 4.2 million Ukrainians benefit from it in the European Union, including the Netherlands. If the situation in Ukraine improves, the Council of the European Union may cancel the protection earlier.
For additional information, contact the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (ind.nl) or us. If personal assistance is needed, we will recommend a lawyer specializing in migration law.
With respect, Your ULC team
Upon business creation
This consultation is of an informational nature and does not substitute for individual legal assistance.
1. General Context: Temporary Protection and Rights to Work Temporary protection for Ukrainians in the Netherlands is regulated by Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001, adopted by the Council of the European Union. It was activated by Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022. The protection has been extended until 4 March 2027 in accordance with Council Decision (EU) 2023/2409 of 25 October 2023, Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1836 of June 2024, and Council Decision of the European Union of 13 June 2025 (with formal adoption in September 2025), adopted by the Council of the European Union.
Persons under the temporary protection directive have the right to residence, work, education, and medical assistance. In particular, for employed work no work permit (tewerkstellingsvergunning, TWV) is required—the employer only notifies the Employee Insurance Agency. However, for self-employment or entrepreneurial activity, a TWV from the Employee Insurance Agency is required, which is issued rarely (rejections up to 99% of applications due to strict European Union rules aimed at preventing exploitation and fictitious entrepreneurship). The temporary protection directive provides a temporary residence permit (sticker or O-document from the Immigration and Naturalisation Service), which serves as the basis for business registration, but does not exempt from the requirements regarding TWV for self-employed persons.
In the Netherlands, business is regulated by the Trade Register Act 2007 (Handelsregisterwet 2007), adopted by the Parliament of the Netherlands, and is implemented by the Chamber of Commerce. For foreigners (non-European Union) a valid residence permit is required, which the temporary protection directive ensures.
2. Registration of Sole Proprietorship (ZZP or eenmanszaak—analogous to Sole Trader) ZZP (Zelfstandige Zonder Personeel) is a form of self-employment, where you are the sole owner and bear full responsibility for debts.
Requirements and Procedure: - Permit for Self-Employment: A TWV from the Employee Insurance Agency is required, since this is considered self-employment. The application is submitted to the Employee Insurance Agency with a business plan, proofs of financial stability, and confirmation that the activity is not fictitious (for example, you independently attract clients, set prices, and bear risks). The Employee Insurance Agency verifies compliance with the criteria of the European Union Directive, and due to strict rules (prevention of exploitation) most applications are rejected (up to 99%). If the TWV is issued, you may register. - Registration in the Chamber of Commerce: After obtaining the TWV, register in the Chamber of Commerce (online or in person) with the Citizen Service Number (obtained upon registration in the municipality), proof of residence (from the Immigration and Naturalisation Service), passport, and business address in the Netherlands. The cost is approximately €50. The Chamber of Commerce issues a Chamber of Commerce number, necessary for taxes. - Taxes and Social Insurance: Registration in the Tax and Customs Administration (tax authority) for value-added tax (BTW) and income tax. As a ZZP, you pay social contributions independently. - Risks: If the activity appears as disguised employed work (for example, work for one client with fixed payment), the Employee Insurance Agency may cancel the TWV, and fines reach thousands of euros.
As of November 2025, due to the high level of rejections, ZZP is rarely available for persons under the temporary protection directive. An alternative is employed work in an existing company.
3. Registration of an Enterprise (BV—analogous to Limited Liability Company) BV (besloten vennootschap) is a private company with limited liability, where owners (shareholders) do not bear personal property responsibility for debts. This is a popular form for medium-sized business.
Requirements and Procedure: - Permit for Activity: As a person under the temporary protection directive, you may be the founder and director of a BV without a TWV, since the work of a director is considered employed work in the company (employed), and the temporary protection directive exempts from TWV for such work. The company as a legal entity is registered separately, and your temporary protection directive status ensures residence for management. - Steps of Registration (in accordance with the Civil Code of the Netherlands, Book 2 Burgerlijk Wetboek, adopted by the Parliament of the Netherlands): 1. Draw up the articles of association at a notary (notaris). Include the name, purpose, shareholders, capital (minimum €0.01). 2. Contribute the starting capital (monetary or in kind). 3. Register in the Chamber of Commerce through the notary (online or in person). Required: passport, proof of residence (from the Immigration and Naturalisation Service), Citizen Service Number, company address in the Netherlands. The cost is €500–€1000 for the notary + €50 for the Chamber of Commerce. 4. Register in the Tax and Customs Administration for taxes (corporate tax 25%, value-added tax 21%) and in the Ultimate Beneficial Owner register (register of beneficiaries). - For Foreigners under the Temporary Protection Directive: You may be the sole founder/director, since the temporary protection directive provides temporary residence. There is no requirement for permanent residency for a BV, but the company address must be in the Netherlands (office rental or virtual address is possible). If the BV hires others, for Ukrainians under the temporary protection directive—no TWV. - Risks: If the BV is not active or appears fictitious, the Chamber of Commerce/Immigration and Naturalisation Service may check. After the end of the temporary protection directive (2027), another status may be required.
4. Registration of a Holding (holding company) A holding is a BV that owns shares of other companies (subsidiary BVs). The procedure is analogous to a BV, but the articles of association indicate holding activity.
Requirements and Procedure: - Register the holding as a BV (see above). The minimum capital is €0.01, but for a holding, shares of subsidiary companies are often contributed. - Taxes: Holdings benefit from exemptions (participation exemption) for dividends from subsidiaries. - For Persons under the Temporary Protection Directive: Possible, as for a BV, without a TWV for the role of director. Consultation with a notary for the structure is recommended.
5. Other Forms (for example, VOF—analogous to General Partnership) VOF (vennootschap onder firma) is a partnership with full responsibility. Registration in the Chamber of Commerce, but for partners under the temporary protection directive—a TWV is required if this is self-employment. Less recommended due to risks.
6. Recommendations and Risks as of November 2025 - BV/holding is a more accessible option than ZZP, due to exemption from TWV for the employed role of director. - Contact the Employee Insurance Agency for a TWV (if ZZP), the Chamber of Commerce for registration, the Immigration and Naturalisation Service for status confirmation. Websites: ind.nl, kvk.nl, uwv.nl, refugeehelp.nl. - Risks: Cancellation of the temporary protection directive after 2027 may require transition to another status (for example, work visa). Checks for fictitiousness.
For personal assistance, contact us.
With respect, Your ULC Consultant
For cars with Ukrainian license plates and driver's ID cards
This consultation is of an informational nature and does not substitute for individual legal assistance.
1. General Context: Temporary Protection and Its Impact on Transport Issues
Temporary protection for Ukrainians in the Netherlands is regulated by Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof, adopted by the Council of the European Union. It was activated by Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection, adopted by the Council of the European Union. The protection has been extended until 4 March 2027 in accordance with Council Decision (EU) 2023/2409 of 25 October 2023 extending the temporary protection introduced by Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382, Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1836 of June 2024, and Council Decision of the European Union of 13 June 2025 (formally adopted in September 2025), adopted by the Council of the European Union.
In the Netherlands, the temporary protection directive is implemented through the Aliens Act 2000 (Vreemdelingenwet 2000), adopted by the Parliament of the Netherlands, and is regulated by the Immigration and Naturalisation Service and the Road Traffic Agency. Persons under the temporary protection directive have the right to residence, work, and other benefits, but transport issues (vehicles and licenses) are regulated separately, taking into account the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic of 1968, signed on 8 November 1968 under the auspices of the United Nations (ratified by Ukraine and the Netherlands). This convention establishes rules for international traffic, including the registration of vehicles (Articles 8, 24, 37), and implicitly prohibits double registration, since a vehicle must have registration from only one country for international traffic.
2. Driver's License: Validity of Ukrainian Driving Licenses
Persons under the temporary protection directive may use Ukrainian driving licenses in the Netherlands without restrictions throughout the entire period of protection (until 4 March 2027). This stems from Regulation (EU) 2022/1280 of 18 July 2022 on the recognition of Ukrainian driving licenses during temporary protection, adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. The licenses are valid even if their term of validity has expired, provided that the driver has reached 18 years of age and the licenses were issued in accordance with the Vienna Convention.
In the Netherlands, this is implemented through the Road Traffic Act 1994 (Wegenverkeerswet 1994), adopted by the Parliament of the Netherlands, and is regulated by the Road Traffic Agency. From 1 August 2024, persons under the temporary protection directive may exchange Ukrainian licenses for Dutch ones without examinations (subject to passing theory and practice through the Central Office for Driving Proficiency Certificates), but this is not mandatory. If the licenses are not under the temporary protection directive (for example, for non-European Union residents), they are valid only for 185 days after registration in the municipality.
Obligations: The driver must carry the license, proof of the temporary protection directive (Immigration and Naturalisation Service sticker or O-document), and insurance (Green Card or local). Violations entail fines from €95 to €380 (in accordance with the Mulder Act - the Act on Administrative Fines for Road Traffic Violations, adopted in 1989 by the Parliament of the Netherlands).
3. Vehicles with Ukrainian Plates: Rules of Use
Persons under the temporary protection directive who arrived from Ukraine with their own vehicles could use them with Ukrainian plates until 4 March 2025 without registration in the Netherlands. This was provided for by temporary exemptions from the Ministry of Finance and the Road Traffic Agency based on the European Union Directive and national rules (see the Road Traffic Agency information bulletin of February 2025 "Ukrainian vehicles: Dutch license plate required before March 4"). After this date, the vehicle must have Dutch plates and pay retroactive Motor Vehicle Tax (Motorrijtuigenbelasting).
However, from the Ukrainian side, registration in the Netherlands creates serious problems, which makes it practically impossible without legal consequences.
4. Justification for the Impossibility of Registering Ukrainian Vehicles in the Netherlands
Registering a Ukrainian vehicle in the Dutch register (obtaining a Dutch licence plate through the Road Traffic Agency) entails a violation of Ukrainian customs legislation and a collision of double registration. Here is a detailed justification:
* Violation of Ukrainian Customs Legislation: Most Ukrainian vehicles were exported from Ukraine under the regime of temporary export for refugees, in accordance with the Customs Code of Ukraine of 13 March 2012 No. 4495-VI (with amendments, including those from 2022–2025), adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Article 95 of this code allows temporary export without duty, but with the obligation to return without changing the status. Registration in the Netherlands (as import) may be considered a change in customs regime, which leads to the loss of the "Ukrainian product" status. Upon return to Ukraine, the vehicle becomes "foreign", falling under the regime of temporary import (Article 380 of the Customs Code: up to 180 days for non-residents, with possible fines up to 17000 UAH or confiscation for violations). The State Customs Service of Ukraine (Order of 28 February 2022 No. 145 "On Simplification of Customs Procedures for Refugees") does not allow permanent registration abroad without payment of duty upon return (10% import duty + 20% value-added tax).
* Collision of Double Registration: The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic of 1968 (Article 24) requires that a vehicle have registration from only one country for international traffic, which implicitly prohibits double registration. Registration in the Netherlands (through the Road Traffic Agency, in accordance with the Vehicles Decree 2009, adopted by the Ministry of Infrastructure of the Netherlands) requires the submission of original documents, which often leads to the cancellation of Ukrainian registration (or its ignoring). If the Ukrainian registration is preserved, a "double status" arises, which contradicts the convention and may lead to fines when crossing borders (for example, confiscation as undeclared import). In practice (for example, in Germany or Spain), some countries allow preserving Ukrainian registration, but in the Netherlands, the Road Traffic Agency process considers the vehicle imported, which creates a collision.
Due to this, many Ukrainians sell vehicles or return them to Ukraine, since registration in the Netherlands (costing 1500+ euros, including exemption from the Tax on Passenger Cars and Motorcycles) is not worth the risks. If you still register, notify the Ukrainian customs for fixing the status.
After tax refund
This consultation is of an informational nature and does not substitute for individual legal assistance.
1. General Context: Temporary Protection and Tax Status
Temporary protection for Ukrainians in the Netherlands is regulated by Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof, adopted by the Council of the European Union. It was activated by Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection, adopted by the Council of the European Union. The protection has been extended until 4 March 2027 in accordance with Council Decision (EU) 2023/2409 of 25 October 2023 extending the temporary protection introduced by Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382, Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1836 of June 2024, and Council Decision of the European Union of 13 June 2025 (formally adopted in September 2025), adopted by the Council of the European Union.
Persons under temporary protection directive, registered in the Personal Records Database (Basisregistratie Personen) of the municipality, are considered tax residents of the Netherlands for the purposes of income taxation (inkomstenbelasting), in accordance with the Income Tax Act 2001 (Wet inkomstenbelasting 2001), adopted by the Parliament of the Netherlands. This means that income from work, business, or other sources is taxed in the Netherlands, but you have the right to the return of overpayments (refund) through a tax declaration. If you work, the employer withholds tax (loonbelasting), and a refund is possible if the actual tax is less than the amount withheld (for example, due to deductions).
2. Obligation to Submit a Tax Declaration and Right to the Return of Taxes
Ukrainians under temporary protection directive must submit an annual tax declaration (aangifte inkomstenbelasting), even if they have not received a letter from the Tax and Customs Administration. This allows for the calculation of the exact tax and the receipt of a refund if there has been an overpayment. As of November 2025:
Submission deadline: For the previous year (for example, for 2024 – until 1 May 2025; for 2025 – until 1 May 2026). If you migrated in the middle of the year, you submit the M-form (for migrants). Late submission is possible with an extension (until 1 September), but with possible fines (€385 or more).
Who must submit: All persons with income (salary, business, allowances), if registered in the Personal Records Database for more than 4 months in the year. Even without income – for obtaining certain benefits.
Possible refunds: If the withheld tax exceeds the calculated amount (for example, due to low income or deductions), the Tax and Customs Administration returns the difference to your bank account within 3 months after submission. The average refund is €800–€1500, depending on the situation.
Deductions: Standard: expenses for education, medical care, childcare, donations. For migrants – partial for the year of arrival.
3. Procedure for Submitting a Declaration and Obtaining a Refund
* Steps:
1. Obtain DigiD (digital identification) through digid.nl (requires the Citizen Service Number from the municipality and proof of temporary protection directive from the Immigration and Naturalisation Service).
2. Log in to Mijn Belastingdienst (belastingdienst.nl) and select aangifte inkomstenbelasting (online form).
3. Fill in the data: income (from P60 or jaaropgaaf from the employer), deductions, family status. For migrants – indicate the date of arrival.
4. Submit the declaration. The Tax and Customs Administration will send an aanslag (tax decision) with the calculation of the refund or additional payment.
5. If there is a refund – the money will be received automatically; if there is an additional payment – pay by the deadline.
* Documents: Jaaropgaaf (from the employer), bank statements, proofs of deductions (bills for medical care, education).
* For migrants (M-form): If you lived in the Netherlands for part of the year, use M-aangifte for non-residents with partial residency. A paper form is available if there is no DigiD.
* Assistance: Free through the Tax Service Point. Fines for non-submission – up to €5,514.
4. Special Benefits: 30% Ruling
Ukrainians under temporary protection directive may apply for the 30% ruling – a benefit where 30% of the salary is not taxed (for "incoming workers" with high qualifications, salary minimum €41,954 in 2025, or €31,891 for those under 30 years old/masters). This is regulated by the Wage Tax Act 1964 (Wet op de loonbelasting 1964), adopted by the Parliament of the Netherlands.
* Eligibility for Ukrainians: Depends on maintaining ties with Ukraine (housing, family) and the status of "temporary" stay.
* Changes in 2025–2027: In 2025–2026 – 30% for the entire period (up to 5 years); from 2027 – 27%.
* Impact on refund: The ruling reduces taxable income, increasing the refund. The application is submitted by the employer or independently through the Tax and Customs Administration.
5. Additional Allowances (toeslagen) as a Form of "Return"
Toeslagen are state supplements that are returned through the Tax and Customs Administration, similar to tax credits. For Ukrainians under temporary protection directive (until 4 March 2026, with possible extension) a permanent residence permit is not required.
Refund of toeslagen is paid monthly or as a lump sum.
6. Recommendations and Risks
* If you work, check the jaaropgaaf for accurate data.
* Avoid double taxation: Ukraine and the Netherlands have an agreement (Double Taxation Agreement of 1995), where taxes are paid in the country of work.
* Risks: Non-submission – fines; incorrect data – audit. If you plan to return to Ukraine, notify the Tax and Customs Administration.
For additional information, see belastingdienst.nl. If an appeal is needed (within a period of up to 6 weeks), contact the Tax and Customs Administration or us.
Your ULC team
After being in the location
This consultation is of an informational nature and does not substitute for individual legal assistance.
1. General Context: Temporary Protection and the Role of Municipal Locations. Temporary protection for Ukrainians in the Netherlands is regulated by Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof, adopted by the Council of the European Union. It was activated by Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection, adopted by the Council of the European Union. The protection has been extended until 4 March 2027 in accordance with Council Decision (EU) 2023/2409 of 25 October 2023 extending the temporary protection introduced by Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382, Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1836 of June 2024, and Council Decision of the European Union of 13 June 2025 (formally adopted in September 2025), adopted by the Council of the European Union.
Municipal locations are reception facilities managed by municipalities (gemeenten), where temporary housing is provided for displaced persons from Ukraine. They are regulated by the Regulation on the Reception of Displaced Persons (Regeling opvang ontheemden) – the Regulation on the Reception of Displaced Persons from Ukraine, adopted by the Ministry of Justice and Security of the Netherlands in 2022 (with amendments, including those effective from 1 July 2024). The Temporary Act on the Reception of Displaced Persons from Ukraine is also applicable – the Temporary Act on the Reception of Displaced Persons from Ukraine, adopted by the Parliament of the Netherlands in 2023. Municipalities are responsible for providing housing, assistance, and coordination, whereas the Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers deals with general asylum seekers (not those under temporary protection). As of November 2025, approximately 121,000 Ukrainians are registered in the Personal Records Database (Basisregistratie Personen), with 93,200 places in municipal locations (hotels, temporary centers, converted offices, ships, and similar facilities).
2. Registration and Access to Municipal Locations. To obtain access to a municipal location: - Contact the municipality (gemeente) at the place of arrival for an initial assessment (triage). If places are available, the municipality registers you in the Personal Records Database with code 46 (temporary protection) within 5 working days. Required documents: passport, identity card, or a statement from the Ukrainian embassy (apostille is not required due to the war). - If no places are available, the municipality contacts the Regional Coordination Centre for Refugee Distribution or the National Coordination Point Refugee Distribution. - Within 4 weeks after registration in the Personal Records Database, contact the Immigration and Naturalisation Service for obtaining proof of residence (sticker, O-document) and submitting form M35H (application for asylum, which is "frozen" under temporary protection). - If there are doubts regarding the right to temporary protection, the Immigration and Naturalisation Service conducts a triage interview (not mandatory for the municipality). - Hub centers in Amsterdam and Utrecht have been closed since 2024 due to a lack of places; vulnerable groups (families with children) may obtain temporary shelter through the Red Cross.
As of November 2025, some municipalities refuse reception due to overcrowding, but you have the right to redirection.
3. Conditions of Residence in Municipal Locations. - Housing: The right to stay in municipal centers until 4 March 2027 (plus 1 year thereafter, if necessary). Locations include hotels, temporary shelters, ships, or private hosts (without reimbursement to hosts from the state, but with additional assistance for you). Unaccompanied minors are placed in host families under the care of Nidos. - Financial Assistance: Monthly assistance (living allowance) under the Regulation on the Reception of Displaced Persons: from 1 July 2024 – €242.48 for food (adults), €200.65 (children), €62.66 for clothing, €80.91 for housing (for hosts). The assistance is indexed annually. - Contribution: From 1 July 2024 (fully implemented from January 2025), adults with income (from work or benefits) pay a contribution for housing (€244.22 per month from October 2025, previously €105). Municipalities verify income through the Employee Insurance Agency. - Other Conditions: Access to recreation, education, medical assistance (Regulation on Medical Care for Displaced Persons – basic insurance without premiums, through the Central Administration Office). Insurance against legal liability and coverage of extraordinary expenses.
4. Rights of Persons in Municipal Locations. - The right to housing, education (mandatory for children aged 5-16 years), medical assistance, work (without a work permit for employed labor). - Social Benefits: Child payments, rent assistance, childcare allowance. - Family Reunification: For partners, children, dependent relatives (from December 2023 without the requirement of prior cohabitation for partners). - Information: Through brochures of the Immigration and Naturalisation Service, non-governmental organizations. Special support for vulnerable persons (mental health through Empatia, Arq).
5. Obligations of Persons in Municipal Locations. - Compliance with the rules of the location (nuisance may lead to restriction of access, but with a minimum – food, overnight shelter, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Haqbin). - Notify the municipality of departure exceeding 28 days (may lead to deregistration from the Personal Records Database). - Provide data on income/family for calculation of the contribution. - Submit an application for asylum (M35H) to preserve rights. - Deregister upon relocation to another country of the European Union or return.
6. Current Status as of November 2025. The protection has been extended until 4 March 2027, but there is a shortage of places (refusals in some municipalities). From 1 July 2024, the Regulation on the Reception of Displaced Persons has been amended: contribution for housing, indexation of assistance. Integration Plan: Focus on work, language (Action Plan of 7 November 2024).
For additional information, contact the municipality. If an appeal is needed (within a period of 4 weeks), contact us.
With respect,
Your ULC team
On movement through EU countries and to Ukraine
This consultation is of an informational nature and does not substitute for individual legal assistance.
1. General Context: Temporary Protection and Its Impact on Movement
Temporary protection for Ukrainians in the Netherlands is regulated by Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof, adopted by the Council of the European Union. It was activated by Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection, adopted by the Council of the European Union. The protection has been extended until 4 March 2027 in accordance with Council Decision (EU) 2023/2409 of 25 October 2023 extending the temporary protection introduced by Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382, Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1836 of June 2024, and Council Decision of the European Union of 13 June 2025 (formally adopted in September 2025), adopted by the Council of the European Union.
In the Netherlands, the temporary protection directive is implemented through the Aliens Act 2000 (Vreemdelingenwet 2000), adopted by the Parliament of the Netherlands, and is regulated by the Immigration and Naturalisation Service. Persons under the temporary protection directive have the right to residence, work, education, and medical assistance, but movement (travels) is regulated taking into account the Schengen Borders Code (Regulation (EU) 2016/399) and national rules. With a biometric passport, you can travel in the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period without a visa. Travels to Ukraine and back are possible, but prolonged absences (exceeding 28 days for persons in municipal shelters) may lead to loss of status or benefits.
2. Movement within European Union Countries
Persons under the temporary protection directive can freely move within the Schengen Area (including most European Union countries) provided they have a biometric passport and proof of residence (Immigration and Naturalisation Service sticker or O-document). Duration: up to 90 days in a 180-day period (visa-free regime for Ukrainians). If you plan to stay longer in another European Union country, you can apply for the temporary protection directive there, but this may lead to loss of status in the Netherlands (registration in the Basisregistratie Personen is cancelled upon relocation).
For persons residing in municipal shelters (reception facilities), the 28-day rule applies in accordance with Article 7, point 1, subpoint b of the Regeling opvang ontheemden Oekraïne (ROO), adopted by the Ministry of Justice and Security of the Netherlands in 2022 (with amendments). You cannot leave the shelter for more than 28 days without prior notification to the municipality. Violation entails the risk of loss of registration in the Basisregistratie Personen (Basisregistratie Personen — Basic register of population, which confirms official residence), loss of place in the shelter, and termination of payments from the government. The Basisregistratie Personen is necessary for obtaining assistance, payments, medical services, and legal work. Loss of registration may terminate your right to assistance and work until the registration is restored. To avoid problems, always notify the municipality about longer absence and reasons. The consequences of loss of the Basisregistratie Personen are always not the best, especially since most shelters for Ukrainians are overcrowded, and finding new housing is not an easy task.
Travels outside Schengen (for example, to Ireland, Cyprus) require checking the visa rules of that country.
3. Movement to Ukraine and Back
Persons under the temporary protection directive can travel to Ukraine and return to the Netherlands without loss of status, if these are short-term trips (for example, for a visit to family or obtaining documents). However, prolonged stay in Ukraine (exceeding several months) may be considered a return and lead to cancellation of the temporary protection directive, since the protection is intended for persons who cannot return due to danger. Travel with proof of residence to facilitate return.
For persons in municipal shelters, the same 28-day rule applies: absence exceeding 28 days without notification risks loss of place, Basisregistratie Personen, and benefits. Even for trips to Ukraine, notify the municipality in advance.
4. Obligations during Movement
* Notify the Immigration and Naturalisation Service or the municipality about prolonged absences (exceeding 28 days) to preserve status.
* Have with you a biometric passport, proof of the temporary protection directive, and, if necessary, Green Card for auto.
* If planning relocation to another European Union country, deregister from the Basisregistratie Personen in the Netherlands and apply for the temporary protection directive in the new country.
* Travels are carried out at own risk: loss of documents or change in the situation in Ukraine may complicate return.
Non-compliance may lead to cancellation of protection or benefits.
5. Procedure and Recommendations
* For short trips: Simply travel with documents.
* For longer: Notify the municipality/Immigration and Naturalisation Service in writing (email or form).
* If lost Basisregistratie Personen: Contact the municipality for restoration, but this may take time and lead to temporary loss of benefits.
* Alternatives: If not in a municipal shelter (private housing), the 28-day rule does not apply, but still notify the Immigration and Naturalisation Service about prolonged absences.
Your ULC team
Our projects
Cooperation with the International Criminal Court
Ukraine’s cooperation with the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war began with Ukraine’s acceptance of the ICC’s jurisdiction over crimes on its territory since 2014, covering events since the annexation of Crimea and the conflict in Donbas, as well as Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022. The ICC has opened an investigation into war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, issuing arrest warrants for Russian President Vladimir Putin and other high-ranking officials for the deportation of Ukrainian children. Ukraine has been actively providing evidence, testimony and materials for investigations, facilitating international cooperation with the EU, the US and others. In addition, Ukraine is moving towards full accession to the Rome Statute of the ICC as the 125th party in 2024–2025, which will strengthen cooperation and protect the rights of war victims.
Consultative cooperation with the Government of the Netherlands
The advisory cooperation between Ukraine and the Government of the Netherlands covers advisory support in the areas of justice, reconstruction, cybersecurity and rule of law reform. The Netherlands provides expert advice through programs such as the Matra Fund for strengthening democracy and human rights, as well as through the Ministry of Finance for reforms. This includes training IT specialists to protect against cyberattacks, financing projects to combat impunity for international crimes, and joint initiatives to restore infrastructure, enshrined in memoranda of understanding.
Ukrainian Consulting Center in The Hague
The Ukrainian Law Center in the Netherlands (ULCN), located in The Hague, aims to provide comprehensive legal assistance to the Ukrainian community, with a focus on supporting refugees. The center offers consultations for vulnerable groups and entrepreneurs. Activities include legal advice, representation before authorities (IND, UWV), information on Dutch law and rights under the EU Temporary Protection Directive, as well as facilitation of voluntary return mechanisms to Ukraine. The center recruits Ukrainian and Dutch lawyers through a competitive selection process, ensures confidentiality, transparency, and draws on EU experience and research to enhance integration and repatriation.
